eval
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
eval — Evaluate a string as PHP code
Description
Evaluates the given code as PHP.
The eval() language construct is very dangerous because it allows execution of arbitrary PHP code. Its use thus is discouraged. If you have carefully verified that there is no other option than to use this construct, pay special attention not to pass any user provided data into it without properly validating it beforehand.
Parameters
-
code -
Valid PHP code to be evaluated.
The code must not be wrapped in opening and closing PHP tags, i.e.
'echo "Hi!";'must be passed instead of'<?php echo "Hi!"; ?>'. It is still possible to leave and re-enter PHP mode though using the appropriate PHP tags, e.g.'echo "In PHP mode!"; ?>In HTML mode!<?php echo "Back in PHP mode!";'.Apart from that the passed code must be valid PHP. This includes that all statements must be properly terminated using a semicolon.
'echo "Hi!"'for example will cause a parse error, whereas'echo "Hi!";'will work.A
returnstatement will immediately terminate the evaluation of the code.The code will be executed in the scope of the code calling eval(). Thus any variables defined or changed in the eval() call will remain visible after it terminates.
Return Values
eval() returns null unless
return is called in the evaluated code, in which case
the value passed to return is returned. As of PHP 7, if there is a
parse error in the evaluated code, eval() throws a ParseError exception.
Before PHP 7, in this case eval() returned
false and execution of the following code continued normally. It is
not possible to catch a parse error in eval()
using set_error_handler().
Examples
Example #1 eval() example - simple text merge
<?php
$string = 'cup';
$name = 'coffee';
$str = 'This is a $string with my $name in it.';
echo $str. "\n";
eval("\$str = \"$str\";");
echo $str. "\n";
?>
The above example will output:
This is a $string with my $name in it. This is a cup with my coffee in it.
Notes
Note: Because this is a language construct and not a function, it cannot be called using variable functions, or named arguments.
As with anything that outputs its result directly to the browser, the output-control functions can be used to capture the output of this function, and save it in a string (for example).
Note:
In case of a fatal error in the evaluated code, the whole script exits.
