strftime
(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
strftime — Format a local time/date according to locale settings
This function has been DEPRECATED as of PHP 8.1.0. Relying on this function is highly discouraged.
Alternatives to this function include:
Description
$format, ?int $timestamp = null): string|falseFormat the time and/or date according to locale settings. Month and weekday names and other language-dependent strings respect the current locale set with setlocale().
Not all conversion specifiers may be supported by your C library, in which
case they will not be supported by PHP's strftime().
Additionally, not all platforms support negative timestamps, so your
date range may be limited to no earlier than the Unix epoch. This means that
%e, %T, %R and, %D (and possibly others) - as well as dates prior to
Jan 1, 1970 - will not work on Windows, some Linux
distributions, and a few other operating systems. For Windows systems, a
complete overview of supported conversion specifiers can be found at
» MSDN.
Parameters
-
format -
The following characters are recognized in the formatparameter stringformatDescription Example returned values Day --- --- %aAn abbreviated textual representation of the day SunthroughSat%AA full textual representation of the day SundaythroughSaturday%dTwo-digit day of the month (with leading zeros) 01to31%eDay of the month, with a space preceding single digits. Not implemented as described on Windows. See below for more information. 1to31%jDay of the year, 3 digits with leading zeros 001to366%uISO-8601 numeric representation of the day of the week 1(for Monday) through7(for Sunday)%wNumeric representation of the day of the week 0(for Sunday) through6(for Saturday)Week --- --- %UWeek number of the given year, starting with the first Sunday as the first week 13(for the 13th full week of the year)%VISO-8601:1988 week number of the given year, starting with the first week of the year with at least 4 weekdays, with Monday being the start of the week 01through53(where 53 accounts for an overlapping week)%WA numeric representation of the week of the year, starting with the first Monday as the first week 46(for the 46th week of the year beginning with a Monday)Month --- --- %bAbbreviated month name, based on the locale JanthroughDec%BFull month name, based on the locale JanuarythroughDecember%hAbbreviated month name, based on the locale (an alias of %b) JanthroughDec%mTwo digit representation of the month 01(for January) through12(for December)Year --- --- %CTwo digit representation of the century (year divided by 100, truncated to an integer) 19for the 20th Century%gTwo digit representation of the year going by ISO-8601:1988 standards (see %V) Example: 09for the week of January 6, 2009%GThe full four-digit version of %g Example: 2008for the week of January 3, 2009%yTwo digit representation of the year Example: 09for 2009,79for 1979%YFour digit representation for the year Example: 2038Time --- --- %HTwo digit representation of the hour in 24-hour format 00through23%kHour in 24-hour format, with a space preceding single digits 0through23%ITwo digit representation of the hour in 12-hour format 01through12%l (lower-case 'L')Hour in 12-hour format, with a space preceding single digits 1through12%MTwo digit representation of the minute 00through59%pUPPER-CASE 'AM' or 'PM' based on the given time Example: AMfor 00:31,PMfor 22:23. The exact result depends on the Operating System, and they can also return lower-case variants, or variants with dots (such asa.m.).%Plower-case 'am' or 'pm' based on the given time Example: amfor 00:31,pmfor 22:23. Not supported by all Operating Systems.%rSame as "%I:%M:%S %p" Example: 09:34:17 PMfor 21:34:17%RSame as "%H:%M" Example: 00:35for 12:35 AM,16:44for 4:44 PM%STwo digit representation of the second 00through59%TSame as "%H:%M:%S" Example: 21:34:17for 09:34:17 PM%XPreferred time representation based on locale, without the date Example: 03:59:16or15:59:16%zThe time zone offset. Not implemented as described on Windows. See below for more information. Example: -0500for US Eastern Time%ZThe time zone abbreviation. Not implemented as described on Windows. See below for more information. Example: ESTfor Eastern TimeTime and Date Stamps --- --- %cPreferred date and time stamp based on locale Example: Tue Feb 5 00:45:10 2009for February 5, 2009 at 12:45:10 AM%DSame as "%m/%d/%y" Example: 02/05/09for February 5, 2009%FSame as "%Y-%m-%d" (commonly used in database datestamps) Example: 2009-02-05for February 5, 2009%sUnix Epoch Time timestamp (same as the time() function) Example: 305815200for September 10, 1979 08:40:00 AM%xPreferred date representation based on locale, without the time Example: 02/05/09for February 5, 2009Miscellaneous --- --- %nA newline character ("\n") --- %tA Tab character ("\t") --- %%A literal percentage character ("%") --- WarningContrary to ISO-9899:1999, Sun Solaris starts with Sunday as 1. As a result,
%umay not function as described in this manual.WarningWindows only:
The
%emodifier is not supported in the Windows implementation of this function. To achieve this value, the%#dmodifier can be used instead. The example below illustrates how to write a cross platform compatible function.The
%zand%Zmodifiers both return the time zone name instead of the offset or abbreviation.WarningmacOS and musl only: The
%Pmodifier is not supported in the macOS implementation of this function. -
timestamp -
The optional
timestampparameter is an int Unix timestamp that defaults to the current local time iftimestampis omitted ornull. In other words, it defaults to the value of time().
Return Values
Returns a string formatted according format
using the given timestamp or the current
local time if no timestamp is given. Month and weekday names and
other language-dependent strings respect the current locale set
with setlocale().
The function returns false if format is empty, contains unsupported
conversion specifiers, or if the length of the returned string would be greater than
4095.
Errors/Exceptions
Every call to a date/time function will generate a E_WARNING
if the time zone is not valid. See also date_default_timezone_set()
As the output is dependent upon the underlying C library, some conversion
specifiers are not supported. On Windows, supplying unknown conversion
specifiers will result in 5 E_WARNING messages and
return false. On other operating systems you may not get any
E_WARNING messages and the output may contain the
conversion specifiers unconverted.
Changelog
| Version | Description |
|---|---|
| 8.0.0 |
timestamp is nullable now.
|
Examples
This example will work if you have the respective locales installed in your system.
Example #1 strftime() locale examples
<?php
setlocale(LC_TIME, "C");
echo strftime("%A");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "fi_FI");
echo strftime(" in Finnish is %A,");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "fr_FR");
echo strftime(" in French %A and");
setlocale(LC_TIME, "de_DE");
echo strftime(" in German %A.\n");
?>
Example #2 ISO 8601:1988 week number example
<?php
/* December 2002 / January 2003
ISOWk M Tu W Thu F Sa Su
----- ----------------------------
51 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
52 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
1 30 31 1 2 3 4 5
2 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 */
// Outputs: 12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2002,2002
echo "12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y", strtotime("12/28/2002")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2002
echo "12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y", strtotime("12/30/2002")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2003
echo "1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/3/2003")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 2,2003,2003
echo "1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/10/2003")) . "\n";
/* December 2004 / January 2005
ISOWk M Tu W Thu F Sa Su
----- ----------------------------
51 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
52 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
53 27 28 29 30 31 1 2
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 */
// Outputs: 12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2004,2004
echo "12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("12/23/2004")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2004
echo "12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("12/31/2004")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2005
echo "1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/2/2005")) . "\n";
// Outputs: 1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2005,2005
echo "1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%G,%Y",strtotime("1/3/2005")) . "\n";
?>
Example #3 Cross platform compatible example using the %e modifier
<?php
// Jan 1: results in: '%e%1%' (%%, e, %%, %e, %%)
$format = '%%e%%%e%%';
// Check for Windows to find and replace the %e
// modifier correctly
if (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) == 'WIN') {
$format = preg_replace('#(?<!%)((?:%%)*)%e#', '\1%#d', $format);
}
echo strftime($format);
?>
Example #4 Display all known and unknown formats.
<?php
// Describe the formats.
$strftimeFormats = array(
'A' => 'A full textual representation of the day',
'B' => 'Full month name, based on the locale',
'C' => 'Two digit representation of the century (year divided by 100, truncated to an integer)',
'D' => 'Same as "%m/%d/%y"',
'E' => '',
'F' => 'Same as "%Y-%m-%d"',
'G' => 'The full four-digit version of %g',
'H' => 'Two digit representation of the hour in 24-hour format',
'I' => 'Two digit representation of the hour in 12-hour format',
'J' => '',
'K' => '',
'L' => '',
'M' => 'Two digit representation of the minute',
'N' => '',
'O' => '',
'P' => 'lower-case "am" or "pm" based on the given time',
'Q' => '',
'R' => 'Same as "%H:%M"',
'S' => 'Two digit representation of the second',
'T' => 'Same as "%H:%M:%S"',
'U' => 'Week number of the given year, starting with the first Sunday as the first week',
'V' => 'ISO-8601:1988 week number of the given year, starting with the first week of the year with at least 4 weekdays, with Monday being the start of the week',
'W' => 'A numeric representation of the week of the year, starting with the first Monday as the first week',
'X' => 'Preferred time representation based on locale, without the date',
'Y' => 'Four digit representation for the year',
'Z' => 'The time zone offset/abbreviation option NOT given by %z (depends on operating system)',
'a' => 'An abbreviated textual representation of the day',
'b' => 'Abbreviated month name, based on the locale',
'c' => 'Preferred date and time stamp based on local',
'd' => 'Two-digit day of the month (with leading zeros)',
'e' => 'Day of the month, with a space preceding single digits',
'f' => '',
'g' => 'Two digit representation of the year going by ISO-8601:1988 standards (see %V)',
'h' => 'Abbreviated month name, based on the locale (an alias of %b)',
'i' => '',
'j' => 'Day of the year, 3 digits with leading zeros',
'k' => 'Hour in 24-hour format, with a space preceding single digits',
'l' => 'Hour in 12-hour format, with a space preceding single digits',
'm' => 'Two digit representation of the month',
'n' => 'A newline character ("\n")',
'o' => '',
'p' => 'UPPER-CASE "AM" or "PM" based on the given time',
'q' => '',
'r' => 'Same as "%I:%M:%S %p"',
's' => 'Unix Epoch Time timestamp',
't' => 'A Tab character ("\t")',
'u' => 'ISO-8601 numeric representation of the day of the week',
'v' => '',
'w' => 'Numeric representation of the day of the week',
'x' => 'Preferred date representation based on locale, without the time',
'y' => 'Two digit representation of the year',
'z' => 'Either the time zone offset from UTC or the abbreviation (depends on operating system)',
'%' => 'A literal percentage character ("%")',
);
// Results.
$strftimeValues = array();
// Evaluate the formats whilst suppressing any errors.
foreach($strftimeFormats as $format => $description){
if (False !== ($value = @strftime("%{$format}"))){
$strftimeValues[$format] = $value;
}
}
// Find the longest value.
$maxValueLength = 2 + max(array_map('strlen', $strftimeValues));
// Report known formats.
foreach($strftimeValues as $format => $value){
echo "Known format : '{$format}' = ", str_pad("'{$value}'", $maxValueLength), " ( {$strftimeFormats[$format]} )\n";
}
// Report unknown formats.
foreach(array_diff_key($strftimeFormats, $strftimeValues) as $format => $description){
echo "Unknown format : '{$format}' ", str_pad(' ', $maxValueLength), ($description ? " ( {$description} )" : ''), "\n";
}
?>
The above example will output something similar to:
Known format : 'A' = 'Friday' ( A full textual representation of the day )
Known format : 'B' = 'December' ( Full month name, based on the locale )
Known format : 'H' = '11' ( Two digit representation of the hour in 24-hour format )
Known format : 'I' = '11' ( Two digit representation of the hour in 12-hour format )
Known format : 'M' = '24' ( Two digit representation of the minute )
Known format : 'S' = '44' ( Two digit representation of the second )
Known format : 'U' = '48' ( Week number of the given year, starting with the first Sunday as the first week )
Known format : 'W' = '48' ( A numeric representation of the week of the year, starting with the first Monday as the first week )
Known format : 'X' = '11:24:44' ( Preferred time representation based on locale, without the date )
Known format : 'Y' = '2010' ( Four digit representation for the year )
Known format : 'Z' = 'GMT Standard Time' ( The time zone offset/abbreviation option NOT given by %z (depends on operating system) )
Known format : 'a' = 'Fri' ( An abbreviated textual representation of the day )
Known format : 'b' = 'Dec' ( Abbreviated month name, based on the locale )
Known format : 'c' = '12/03/10 11:24:44' ( Preferred date and time stamp based on local )
Known format : 'd' = '03' ( Two-digit day of the month (with leading zeros) )
Known format : 'j' = '337' ( Day of the year, 3 digits with leading zeros )
Known format : 'm' = '12' ( Two digit representation of the month )
Known format : 'p' = 'AM' ( UPPER-CASE "AM" or "PM" based on the given time )
Known format : 'w' = '5' ( Numeric representation of the day of the week )
Known format : 'x' = '12/03/10' ( Preferred date representation based on locale, without the time )
Known format : 'y' = '10' ( Two digit representation of the year )
Known format : 'z' = 'GMT Standard Time' ( Either the time zone offset from UTC or the abbreviation (depends on operating system) )
Known format : '%' = '%' ( A literal percentage character ("%") )
Unknown format : 'C' ( Two digit representation of the century (year divided by 100, truncated to an integer) )
Unknown format : 'D' ( Same as "%m/%d/%y" )
Unknown format : 'E'
Unknown format : 'F' ( Same as "%Y-%m-%d" )
Unknown format : 'G' ( The full four-digit version of %g )
Unknown format : 'J'
Unknown format : 'K'
Unknown format : 'L'
Unknown format : 'N'
Unknown format : 'O'
Unknown format : 'P' ( lower-case "am" or "pm" based on the given time )
Unknown format : 'Q'
Unknown format : 'R' ( Same as "%H:%M" )
Unknown format : 'T' ( Same as "%H:%M:%S" )
Unknown format : 'V' ( ISO-8601:1988 week number of the given year, starting with the first week of the year with at least 4 weekdays, with Monday being the start of the week )
Unknown format : 'e' ( Day of the month, with a space preceding single digits )
Unknown format : 'f'
Unknown format : 'g' ( Two digit representation of the year going by ISO-8601:1988 standards (see %V) )
Unknown format : 'h' ( Abbreviated month name, based on the locale (an alias of %b) )
Unknown format : 'i'
Unknown format : 'k' ( Hour in 24-hour format, with a space preceding single digits )
Unknown format : 'l' ( Hour in 12-hour format, with a space preceding single digits )
Unknown format : 'n' ( A newline character ("\n") )
Unknown format : 'o'
Unknown format : 'q'
Unknown format : 'r' ( Same as "%I:%M:%S %p" )
Unknown format : 's' ( Unix Epoch Time timestamp )
Unknown format : 't' ( A Tab character ("\t") )
Unknown format : 'u' ( ISO-8601 numeric representation of the day of the week )
Unknown format : 'v'
Notes
Note: %G and %V, which are based on ISO 8601:1988 week numbers can give unexpected (albeit correct) results if the numbering system is not thoroughly understood. See %V examples in this manual page.
See Also
- » Online strftime() format design tool
- setlocale() - Set locale information
- mktime() - Get Unix timestamp for a date
- strptime() - Parse a time/date generated with strftime
- gmstrftime() - Format a GMT/UTC time/date according to locale settings
- » Open Group specification of strftime()
